Sunscreen Mistakes You Should Avoid

Sunscreen is the holy grail of sun protection. It protects our skin against the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays which are responsible for several skin issues with varying severity: UVA penetrates deep into the skin and is responsible for burns, premature aging, and dark spots, but also (and this is more serious) precancerous skin lesions and skin cancers. UVB rays, for their part, damage the surface layers of the skin, causing tanning and sunburn, but can also promote the development of skin cancer. 

Now that we have established the dangers of sun exposure without protection and the importance of sunscreen, how effectively do most of us actually use it? There are several mistakes frequently made by beginners but also by seasoned sunscreen users. Here is a list of the most common mistakes you should avoid:

1- Reusing last year’s sunscreen

Like all cosmetic products, sunscreen has an expiration date, which is PAO (Period After Opening) indicating which is the period during which a product is safe for the consumer after opening.

Once a sunscreen has been opened, it should not surpass its designated PAO. If any uncertainty arises—such as changes in texture, odor, or color, signaling potential issues—it is advisable to err on the side of caution. Despite the reluctance to waste, it's preferable to discard the product and opt for a new one. To help track this, consider marking the opening date or the designated end-of-use date on the tube using a permanent marker when you first open it.

Moreover, the efficacy of sunscreen and the stability of its formulation hinge on proper storage after opening. After each application, securely close the sunscreen to prevent the infiltration of sand or water. When exposed to intense sunlight, like at the beach or in a hot car trunk, it is essential to shield the product from direct sunlight and keep it in a shaded area.

Last year's sunscreen that has developed an oily deposit on top and possibly a bad smell due to sitting for hours locked in the heat of your car should not be used. 

2. Applying sunscreen once and call it a day

The notion of applying a generous layer of sunscreen before leaving the house or upon arriving at the beach and forgetting about the rest of the day is not a sound strategy. Dermatologists emphasize that regardless of the SPF level used, a sunscreen product should be reapplied every 2 hours, especially after swimming, sweating, or towel drying. This ensures optimal protection in line with the product's indicated specifications.

While waterproof or water-resistant sunscreens offer increased resistance against water and sand, they do not negate the necessity for regular reapplication. This does not exclude the regular re-application of the sun protection product. So, the habit of reapplying remains crucial even with these more resilient formulations, especially on days with a higher UV index. 

3- Not using enough sunscreen 

Underestimating the amount of sunscreen used is a common mistake that can compromise its effectiveness. It's important to apply an adequate and even layer of sunscreen to ensure proper coverage. Not using enough sunscreen may result in insufficient protection against harmful UV rays. To avoid this mistake, be generous with your sunscreen application ensuring that all exposed skin receives a thorough and uniform coverage. A general rule of thumb is to use a nickel-sized amount (around half a teaspoon) of sunscreen for the face or 2mg per cm2. 

Applying enough sunscreen is essential for maximizing the sun protection factor (SPF) and safeguarding your skin from potential sun damage. Remember, when it comes to sunscreen, a little extra goes a long way in preserving the health of your skin.

4- Missing certain areas of the body

Because certain areas of the body are less accessible than others, or we just forget, it leaves them vulnerable to sun exposure. While it's essential to generously apply sunscreen to commonly exposed areas like the face, shoulders, arms, legs, neckline, and back—regions prone to sunburn—it's equally important not to neglect more unsuspecting areas susceptible to sunburn, or worse, skin cancer. 

These often overlooked areas include the eyelids, and ears, which are prone to sunburn but may be easily forgotten in the sunscreen routine. The tops of the feet, including the delicate skin between the toes, can also be vulnerable to sun damage. Additionally, it is crucial to have sun protection for your scalp where hair is thinner and sun protection on a bald head, the upper part of the face, and especially the hairline, as it's often exposed to direct sunlight. The back of the hands is also often overlooked, even thou they are susceptible to developing brown spots and skin cancer.

Another commonly disregarded area is the back of the knees, where the skin is thin and can easily burn if left unprotected. Ensuring comprehensive coverage by applying sunscreen to these less conspicuous but sensitive areas is crucial for achieving adequate sun protection. A holistic approach to sunscreen application helps safeguard your skin from the full spectrum of UV rays, minimizing the risk of sunburn and long-term sun damage.

5. Only using sunscreen at the beach or pool

We easily think about putting sunscreen on the beach, but we tend to forget it during walks in town, drinks on the terrace, or even hiking. Big mistake! Unsurprisingly, the harm from UV rays does not stop at the beach. UV radiation is constantly present, in summer and winter. Contrary to popular belief, clouds offer only partial protection against UV rays, making it crucial to prioritize sun protection regardless of the weather. Even in shaded areas beneath certain beach umbrellas (non-UPF material), UV rays can reflect off the sand, leaving the skin exposed, albeit to a lesser degree.

Keep in mind: certain , offering advantages such as the absence of a white cast and a less appearance. Therefore, incorporating sunscreen into your daily routine, irrespective of your location or the weather, is a proactive measure in safeguarding your skin against the cumulative effects of UV radiation

6- Not looking at the composition of your sunscreen

Overlooking the composition of your sunscreen can be a critical mistake. It's imperative to scrutinize the label of your chosen sunscreen and be mindful of the ingredients it contains. Paying attention to the formulation is especially crucial in avoiding products that may include endocrine disruptors—chemicals known to interfere with the body's hormonal balance.

Take note of ingredients such as benzophenone (1, 2, and 3), dihydroxybenzophenone, homosalate, octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, among others. These substances have been identified as potential endocrine disruptors and may have adverse effects on hormonal systems.

7- Opting for homemade sunscreen

Choosing to depend on homemade sunscreen can be a well-intentioned but potentially risky decision. A study conducted by the University of North Florida in May 2019 delved into the efficacy of "homemade" sunscreen recipes often shared on social media. The findings were clear: these DIY concoctions cannot guarantee reliable protection against both UVA and UVB rays, the harmful components of sunlight responsible for skin damage.

Given the lack of standardized formulations and the varying effectiveness of the ingredients used in homemade sunscreens, relying on such DIY solutions poses a considerable risk. Ensuring comprehensive protection against the full spectrum of UV rays requires a formulation that adheres to carefully established standards, something that regulated commercial sunscreens provide.

To safeguard yourself and your loved ones from the potential pitfalls of homemade sunscreens, it's recommended to opt for commercially available sunscreens with proven formulations and reliable SPF ratings. This ensures that you receive the intended protection and reduces the risks associated with unverified DIY approaches to sun safety.

8- Mixing your sunscreen with other products

Combining your sunscreen with other products might seem like a convenient multitasking approach, but it can undermine the efficacy of sun protection. Sunscreen formulations undergo rigorous testing to determine their SPF. Introducing other products into the mix, such as moisturizers, lotions, or makeup, can dilute the sunscreen's active ingredients, compromising its ability to penetrate your skin effectively.

To ensure optimal protection, it's advisable to apply sunscreen as a standalone product before layering on other skincare or cosmetic items. If you need additional hydration or wish to wear makeup, consider using separate products specifically designed for those purposes. This way, you can enjoy the benefits of each product without compromising the effectiveness of your sunscreen. 

9- Thinking sunscreen alone is enough

Sunscreen alone is not a shield of armor, but it's to recognize that it's just one piece of the puzzle. While sunscreen may be the most efficient tool we have,  adopting additional complementary protective measures is equally essential.

Beyond sunscreen application, you should avoid sun exposure during the peak hours of intensity, typically between noon and 4 p.m. This simple step helps minimize the risk of sun damage when UV radiation is at its strongest. Incorporating UPF accessories like a broad-brimmed hat and sunglasses provides added defense by reducing direct exposure to the face and eyes. UPF clothing and accessories are also useful when you don't have the chance to reapply sunscreen frequently enough throughout the day.

10- Assuming Complete Protection from Any Clothing 

Believing that any clothing provides foolproof protection against the sun is a misconception that warrants caution. While garments with tightly woven fibers offer a degree of defense against the sun's rays, it's essential to exercise care when it comes to lighter materials.

Dermatologists advise against relying solely on slightly airy fabrics, as they may not provide adequate shielding against harmful UV rays. While wearing such clothing is certainly less risky than being exposed without any cover, it's crucial to recognize the limitations. To enhance protection, consider investing in clothing with certified UPF protection.

11- Not protecting children sufficiently

Neglecting to provide sufficient sun protection for children, particularly babies and toddlers, is a significant oversight given their heightened sensitivity to the sun's rays. The vulnerability of a child's skin to sun exposure is underscored by an American study revealing a heightened risk of skin cancer in individuals who experienced significant sunburn during childhood.

To ensure optimal protection for children, experts recommend a comprehensive approach. This includes dressing them in specially designed clothing, such as a UPF rashguard, T-shirt, Bermuda shorts, a hat, and sunglasses. Additionally, applying sunscreen to all exposed areas, especially those prone to sun exposure, is crucial. 

For added safety, choosing a sunscreen with mineral screens is an ideal consideration. This enhances protection by providing a physical barrier against harmful UV rays. Prioritizing sun safety for children is a long-term investment in their skin health, reducing the risk of future complications and fostering healthy sun protection habits from an early age.